History Without Words

 

Links:

http://absfreepic.com/free-photos/download/cattle-farming-country-4288x3216_81566.html

http://absfreepic.com/free-photos/download/part-of-human-body-3126x2013_46602.html

http://absfreepic.com/free-photos/download/blind-human-4640x3472_81760.html

http://absfreepic.com/free-photos/download/hunter-in-forest-2336x3504_49124.html

http://absfreepic.com/free-photos/download/cow-in-the-farm-3924x2616_26197.html

http://absfreepic.com/free-photos/download/funny-man-smoking-cigar-5472x3648_26588.html

South Africa: A Peak into Religion

The religious make and history of South Africa is fascinating. While we have observable and strong evidence of religious and mythological beliefs, some of our understandings come from outside testimony from Europeans, and therefore, some of what we understand about the history of South African myths and religion may be incorrectly interpreted. With this being said, there is still a lot of tradition and history that informs us.

Some of the earliest inhabitants of South Africa were the San. San people are typically recognized as hunter gatherers. Like many other religions, the San religion believes in a physical and spiritual world. Interestingly, they believe that the spiritual world can be accessed through a human Shaman.  When a powerful animal is killed, they believe a portal is open between the two worlds, and a Shaman may enter into the spiritual world by entering into a dance that leads into a powerful and spiritual trance. This trance enables the Shaman to do many incredible things such as healing the sick, controlling the weather, and even telling the future. [1]

Shaman Dancing
Source: http://thesanbushmen.blogspot.com/2011/11/san-religion.html

Among lesser deities, the San also believe in an all-important god called Kaggen, who is a trickster deity. His actions can be either good or bad, and he can take on many physical forms however his name translates to Mantis; so many San worship mantises. They also give significant importance to the Eland bull, which they believe Kaggen can inhabit. [2] In addition to venerating many animals, some San even revere the moon.

Eland Bull
Source:https://visitstothepark.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/rietvlei-18-10-2012-308.jpg

Source: http://thesanbushmen.blogspot.com/2011/11/san-religion.html

Other South African inhabitants, known as the Khoi-khoi, have a very similar culture to the San and, likely, are of the same ancestry. The explanation of their origination and split from the herdsman San can be found in myth. The myth states that there were two men, a blind man and a hunter. One day the hunter found a hole where the from which the animals came. The hunter took this blind man to this place and one day the blind man regained his eyesight and decided to trap the animals. The process by which he caught the animals included covering himself in oil—something the hunter found undoable. In the end, the hunter continued to hunt and the blind man began to practice animal husbandry. The Khoi-khoi would become the people of animal husbandry. [3] The Khoi-khoi separated from the San “probably within the last five hundred years, when they acquired cattle and stopped being hunters.”[4]

Another myth says that a traveler named Heitsi-Eibib was dancing with the king of snakes. They danced and ultimately Heitsi-Eibib jumped across a fire. The king of snakes followed suit but fell into the fire. The king’s cattle then became Hietsi-Eibib’s cattle[5].

Christianity has had a great impact in South Africa. For instance, in the 1820’s, missionaries such as John Philip successfully campaigned for improved treatment of the Khoi-khoi. This brought a favorable view of Christianity to the people.[6] Furthermore, colonization, a primarily negative event, helped Christianity take a foothold in South Africa. In fact, Christianity is now the dominant religion in South Africa with a large percentage of the population professing to be some type of Christian. This is a stark contrast to the minute percentage of Muslims in the region. Islam has had a much smaller impact on South Africa than it has on other African countries.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_South_Africa

Books

Belcher, Stephen. African Myths of Origin. NY: Penguin Books, 2005.

Harris, Joseph E. Africans and Their History. NY: Meridian Books, 1998.

Meredith, Martin. The Fortunes of Africa. NY: Public Affairs, 2014.

Links 

http://www.khoisan.org/religion.htm

http://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_bushmen.html

http://thesanbushmen.blogspot.com/2011/11/san-religion.html

https://mythologycurator.tumblr.com/post/80598354224/origins-khoikhoi-man-eating-trolls

https://visitstothepark.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/rietvlei-18-10-2012-308.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_South_Africa

---

[1]             http://thesanbushmen.blogspot.com/2011/11/san-religion.html

[2]             http://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_bushmen.html

[3]             Stephen Belcher, African Myths of Origin, (NY: Penguin Books, 2005), 51-52.

[4]             Ibid.

[5]             Ibid.

[6]             Martin Meredith, The Fortunes of Africa, (NY: Public Affairs, 2014), 231-232.

South Africa: History through Art

The art of South Africa is fascinating. From colonial times to the present, South Africa has remained culturally and racial diverse; this diversity carried over into their art. Primitive cave paintings gave way to the colonialists' realistic approach, and modern paintings ultimately found profound influence from ancient cave art. Music in South Africa was not much different, traditional forms of music adopted new and diverse forms of music from around the world. To this day, popular and unique musical compositions stem from South Africa. The art is as diverse as the people. 

South Africa holds the richest collection of rock art in all of Africa. Some of the most profound ancient artwork is found in Drakensburg, where the old hunter gather tradition of the San Bushmen is revealed. 

All Images in Post: http://www.southafrica.info/about/arts/art.htm#.V0iE6UKqxkg

Ancient San Bushmen Cave Painting

This is profound when we consider that these paintings are approximately 4,000 years old. This means the San Bushmen occupied this region long before they were driven out by the colonialists who brought more modern, realistic art with them.

Colonialist Art: "Elephants Charging over Quartos Country" by  Thomas Baines

Artistic Progression: San Art Influences Modern Art

Interestingly, though colonialist brought new more realistic art to the region, it is the San cave art that has had the most far-reaching impact on South African art. Beautiful yet primitive, the cave paintings do more than just entertain and inspire peoples of today; they reveal much about South African history. In fact, it has been said that these paintings "represent the spiritual life of the San people. [They are] outstanding both in quality and diversity of subject…which sheds much light on their way of life and their beliefs. The authenticity of the paintings, and their shelter and cave settings, as a reflection of the beliefs of the San peoples, are without question."[1]

South Africa also has a rich heritage of intricate bead art. Much younger in its adoption, bead work reveals much about the dress and ornamentation of the region's past. Clearly, the people of the region had a liking of jewelry and personal ornamentation. Archaeologically speaking, this, coupled with the cave paintings, reveals that South Africa had a developed civilization prior to colonialism. Much like the cave paintings, beadwork has survived and is quite popular and influential beyond the borders of South Africa. Some beadwork is even considered fine jewelry and can carry very high prices in international markets. 

Traditional Bead Art.

Music too has revealed much about South African history. During the colonial period many different influences spread into South Africa. Many of the slaves in South Africa tried to recreate the instruments they had seen and heard, yet they were inadvertently creating their own new instruments. Furthermore, as missions became more prevalent in the region, gospel and choir music began to grow in popularity. The music of South Africa reveals much about the development and pain seen during the colonial period. To this day, music is a difficult but important industry in South Africa. Many internationally recognized bands of today have come from South Africa (e.g. Seether, Kongos, Soweto Gospel Choir). The popular music of today ranges from Gospel to heavy rock-n-roll. While today's music seems like a digression of topic, it is important to consider in light of the diverse South African past. South Africa's contemporary music is directly correlated with its past.

While the art of South Africa reveals much about its history, it reveals more about its current culture. As Dr. Joseph E. Harris says, "Although the early humans in Africa to a great extent were preoccupied with the bare necessities of physical survival, they also found time for aesthetic expression...All of these paintings and engravings not only attest to prehistoric Africans' artistic knowledge and style as well as their developments with durable paints, but in addition, valuable data are provided about their life, history, and their environment..."[2]

---

[1]      http://www.southafrica.info/about/arts/art.htm#.V0iE6UKqxkg#ixzz49uHecZ00

[2]      Joseph E. Harris, Africa and Their History (NY: Meridian Books, 1998), 30-31.

References: 

"Arts and Culture: South African Art." South Africa Info: January 2014. (Accessed May 26, 2016).

"Arts and Culture: South African Music." South Africa Info: 2015. (Accessed May 26, 2016). http://www.southafrica.info/about/arts/music.htm#.V0jahEKqxkg 

Harris, Joseph E. Africa and Their History. NY: Meridian Books, 1998.

     

 

The Geography of South Africa

        The term shame is a South African term of endearment that can be used in most social situations and is typically associated with agreement depending upon the inflexion applied. Ag (pronounced ach) is the U.S. equivalent of saying, “Oh, Man.”  When considering the beauty and diversity of South Africa, one would be correct in proclaiming, “Ag, Shame!”[1]

            South Africa is appropriately located on the southern most tip of Africa.  It borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland, and Lesotho. Interestingly, South Africa completely engulfs Lesotho, bordering it on every side.             This mid-sized country of nine providences has the largest and most developed economy in all of Africa.[2]  While it holds several important tourist attracting, developed cities its most important city is Johannesburg (-26.2041 S; 28.0473 E). Johannesburg is considered to be the “economic heart” of South Africa, and it is one of the most internationally recognizable cities in South Africa.[3]

            While this region is “classified as semi-arid,” it has a diverse climate.[4] In some regions the country is dry and hot while in other regions the weather is tropical. Some regions even see occasional snowfall. This diversity in climate is largely due to the equally diverse topography. With flat land in the West and Highlands in the East, South African temperatures are often dictated by altitude and land features. However, nothing dictates the weather more drastically than the ocean currents.

            The weather, wildlife, and residents of South Africa are keenly aware of and effected by the surrounding ocean currents.

The cold Benguela current sweeps up from the Antarctic along the Atlantic coast, laden with plankton and providing rich fishing grounds. The east coast has the north-to- south Mozambique- Agulhas current to thank for its warm waters. These two currents have a major effect on the country's climate, the ready evaporation of the eastern seas providing generous rainfall while the Benguela current retains its moisture to cause desert conditions in the west.[5]

           

            It is for this reason that there is a solid tourist market for people wanting to have land safaris, great white shark encounters, and even penguin expeditions.             Though mostly surrounded by water, South Africa is still considered a dry country. Many of the waterways in the country provide no help by way of fresh water; furthermore they are mostly inhospitable.  For a land surrounded by so much water:

There are only two major rivers in South Africa: the Limpopo, a stretch of which is shared with Zimbabwe; and the Orange (with its tributary, the Vaal), which runs with a variable flow across the central landscape from east to west, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at the Namibian border.[6]

When considering the geography of South Africa, few words seem more adequately than diverse.

---

[1]             Coroline Von Looy, “15 Slang Terms You’ll Need to Know in South Africa,” Matador Network: Sept. 2016. (Accessed May 19, 2016). http://matadornetwork.com/abroad/15-slang-phrases-youll-need-know-south-africa/?single=1

[2]             http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/Africa/Africa_GL_1024_768.html

[3]             Mary Alexander, “South Africa’s Geography,” South Africa Info: December 2015. (Accessed May 19, 2016). http://www.southafrica.info/about/geography/geography.htm#.Vz3oAkKqxkg

[4]             Ibid.

[5]             Ibid.

[6]             Ibid.